Since European settlement, an estimated 73 species have become extinct in South Australia. Many more species are listed as threatened (at risk of extinction in the future) at the national and/or state level.

At the national level, around 200 South Australian plant and animal species are listed as threatened under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

At the state level, more than 1000 species are listed as threatened under South Australia's National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.

A number of species are also considered threatened on a regional level.

The department works in partnership with other government and non-government agencies and community groups on many projects to assist the conservation, management and recovery of threatened species in South Australia. These include: